The synovial membrane, therefore, is involved in secreting components for the synovial fluid that fills the synovial cavity. The synovial fluid is the clear, viscid fluid that functions by lubricating the articulating joints, supplying nutrients and oxygen, and removing metabolic wastes. Synonym s :. Neurons generate electric signals that they pass along to the other neurons or target tissues. In this tutorial, you wil.. This tutorial elaborates on the effect of light on plant growth. It describes how different plants require different amo..
Mammals are a diverse group of organisms, where most of them develop their offspring within the uterus of the mother. The diversification of several new species from a recent ancestral source, each adapted to utilize or occupy a vacant ad.. The evolution of the species of the genus "Homo" led to the emergence of modern humans.
Synovial joints are located throughout your body. Examples of synovial joints include the joints that move your shoulders, wrists, ankles, and knees. The synovial membrane and fluid have several functions, including lubricating the joints, providing nourishment to the joints, and removing debris from the joints. When there are problems with the structure or function of your synovial lining, such as inflammation, you may feel discomfort or your joints may become swollen.
There are effective treatments for this synovial inflammation, and serious damage or disease of the synovial lining or of synovial fluid is rare. Osteoarthritis , a common condition caused by wear and tear of the joints, is characterized by inflammation and breakdown of the joints. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition in which inflammation in and around the joints occurs because the body attacks its own tissue. The synovial fluid and its surrounding membrane are inflamed in both of these types of arthritis.
Arthritis is a type of synovitis , but there are other types as well. Lupus and gout are examples of common conditions that involve inflammation of the synovium. These illnesses, among others, can cause pain and swelling of the joint, as well as limited movements. Joint infections are not common, but they can occur and may involve the synovial fluid or synovial membrane. Immunosuppression, which is a state of decreased immunity in which the body does not fight infection properly, can predispose you to synovial infections.
A joint injury can affect any region of a joint, including the synovium. It may cause the synovium to tear or leak. Major injuries can predispose you to infections as well. A rare tumor, pigmented villonodular synovitis PVNS , involves thickening of the synovial tissue. This condition is often described as a tumor, but it usually does not spread to other areas of the body the way cancer does.
PVNS can be surgically removed if it enlarges, becomes painful, or interferes with movement. Cancer within the synovium is not common, and metastatic cancer from other regions of the body does not commonly spread to the synovium. Examination of your synovial lining or fluid may be necessary to diagnose the cause of your joint discomfort and swelling. There are several ways that your healthcare provider can examine your synovial fluid.
Physical examination : Your joints can appear swollen or enlarged if you have a synovial condition. Sometimes, the fluid may appear to flow within the joint, suggesting a tear in the synovial lining. Redness and warmth may suggest that you have a joint infection. Imaging : Imaging examinations, such as an X-ray , magnetic resonance imaging MRI , bone scan , and ultrasound can all visualize the structures in a joint, which can help your healthcare providers identify disease of the synovium.
Synovial fluid analysis : A sample of synovial fluid can be obtained using needle aspiration. It may be slightly painful, but it is safe and takes less than half an hour.
Your synovial fluid is examined based on its appearance as it is removed from your joint, and it can be examined in more detail under a microscope as well.
A microscopic examination of synovial fluid can provide information about the presence of bacteria, blood, or a change in the cell types.
Sometimes, the fluid is sent for chemical analysis to determine if there is a change in the chemical composition. Synovial biopsy : Your synovial tissue lining can be sampled with a biopsy. This is more invasive than a needle aspiration. A biopsy can identify the growth of the synovial lining, such as PVNS. Disease of the synovium can be managed with lifestyle modifications, therapy, medication, and sometimes with interventional procedures. Conservative therapies include using ice for relief of pain and swelling, resting the joint if the inflammation is due to injury or overuse , and physical therapy.
The balance between rest and activity can be tricky—too much rest can cause atrophy thin weakened muscles or stiffness. The middle layer of the meninges is the arachnoid mater, so named because of its spider web-like appearance. It provides a cushioning effect for the central nervous system. The arachnoid mater is a thin, transparent membrane composed of fibrous tissue and, like the pia mater, is covered by flat cells also thought to be impermeable to fluid.
The Meninges : This figure displays the meninges with respect to the skull and surface of the brain. The pia mater is the innermost layer of the meninges. As such it is a very thin, delicate membrane composed of fibrous tissue covered on its outer surface by a sheet of flat cells thought to be impermeable to fluid.
The subarachnoid space is the space that normally exists between the arachnoid and the pia mater, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Normally, the dura mater is attached to the skull or to the bones of the vertebral canal in the spinal cord.
The arachnoid is attached to the dura mater, while the pia mater is attached to the central nervous system tissue. Privacy Policy. Skip to main content. Organization at the Tissue Level. Search for:. Tissue Membranes. Epithelial Membranes The mucous membranes are linings of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which are involved in absorption and secretion.
Learning Objectives Describe the function of mucous membranes. Key Takeaways Key Points The mucous membranes are linings of ectodermal origin. The mucus membranes are involved in absorption and secretion. Most mucosal membranes contain stratified squamous or simple columnar epithelial tissue types. Key Terms mucous membrane : Linings of cavities that are exposed to the external environment and to internal organs.
Synovial Membranes A synovial membrane is the soft tissue found between the articular capsule joint capsule and the joint cavity of synovial joints. Learning Objectives Describe the role of synovial membranes in joint function.
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