Generally, horizontal structural component carries loads perpendicular to their longitudinal direction refers to the beam. Generally, a vertical structural part that takes loads parallel to their longitudinal direction refers to the column. Mainly, beams are classified based on their support end condition and material type for construction. Columns are categorized based on their cross-section shape, material for construction, types of loading, slenderness ratio, and lateral reinforcement.
In the beam, longitudinal steel is provided on two faces, used to counter bending moment while stirrups or inclined beam opposes the vertical loads. The beam shows a sign of deflection or cracking before failure or collapse. Its failure does not occur suddenly.
While sometimes in the case of a column, failure or collapse may happen abruptly. It does not necessarily indicate any sign of failure before the collapse.
Beams are usually cast with a slab, and therefore, more excellent care is observed for its construction. The columns and beams are differentiated in a variety of ways in the structural design, which are going to be analyzed in this article.
In building structures, columns are connected to different footings to transfer the load of the building to the footings of the building. Columns are classified as slender columns and short columns. The slender columns were introduced with the finding of high strength materials. The column is said to be slender, if the cross sectional dimensions are small compared to its length.
The load actions on the slender columns are prominent in the form of lateral deflection. The columns are classified as short columns when the condition is opposite to that of slender columns.
In practice, short columns are widely used than slender columns. In short columns, compression action dominates above the bending action. A beam is a horizontal structural element which withstands vertical loads whereas columns are basically vertical members which span from substructure to superstructure and play a crucial role in transfer of load from top of structure to bottom footing.
A beam is a horizontal structural element which withstands vertical loads. Its mode of deflection is primarily by bending. Beams transfer loads imposed along their length to their end points to walls, columns and foundations. The total effect of all the forces acting on the beam is to produce shear forces and bending moments within the beam, that in turn induce internal stresses, strains and deflections of the beam. Beams are characterized by their manner of support, profile shape of cross-section , equilibrium conditions, length and their material.
Column is a vertical structural member that carries loads mainly in compression. It might transfer loads from a ceiling, floor slab, roof slab or from a beam, to a floor or foundation. Columns are frequently used to support beams or arches on which the upper parts of walls or ceilings rest.
A column might also be a decorative element not needed for structural purposes, though many column columns are engaged, that is to say, form part of a wall.
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